2024, Vol. 7, Issue 6, Part C

author(s)
Boniface Byiringiro, Ishwar Singh, MK Rana, NK Tiwari, RK Behl, Vikas Tomar and Jagdeep Singh

abstract
A Field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2022-23 at the Agriculture Research Farm of Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be university), Mullana, Ambala (Haryana). Treatments viz. T₁- Control, T₂-100 NPK, T₃-100% NPK + Nano-N spray at 28 and 45 DAS, T₄-100% NPK + Bio-nano-P spray at 28 and 45 DAS, T₅-100% NPK + Bio-nano-K spray at 28 and 45 DAS, T₆-100% NPK + Bio-nano-Zn spray at 28 and 45 DAS, T₇-100% NPK + Nano-N + Bio-nano-P + Bio-nano-K + Bio-nano-Zn spray at 28 and 45 DAS, T₈-75% NPK, T₉-75% NPK + Nano-N spray at 28 and 45 DAS, T₁₀-75% NPK + Bio-nano-P spray at 28 and 45 DAS, T₁₁-75% NPK + Bio-nano-K spray at 28 and 45 DAS, T₁₂-75% NPK + Bio-nano-Zn spray at 28 and 45 DAS, T₁₃-75% NPK + Nano-N + Bio-nano-P + Bio-nano-K + Bio-nano-Zn spray at 28 and 45 DAS were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) comprising 3 replications. HD-3086, popularly known as “Pusa Gautami” seeds were sown on November 18th, 2022, and the crops were harvested on April 8th, 2023. Urea (46% N), diammonium phosphate (46% P₂O₅ and 18% nitrogen) and muriate of potash (60% K₂O) and 4 kg of zinc sulfate as nutrient doses and sources. HD 3086 responded well to nutrient doses and sources, especially treatment T₇, which exhibited significantly superior results in both yield and economic aspects. This resulted in outstanding grain (5300 kg/ha) and straw (6750 kg/ha) yield, generating net returns of 100,299 Indian Rupees, additionally, it achieved a peak B: C ratio of 2.0. Therefore, farmers can utilize bio-nano-fertilizers as an efficient nutrient delivery system in their fields, as NPK alone is not sufficient.